References
– The History of Visual Communication, n.d, viewed 19th of October, <https://www.historyofvisualcommunication.com/01-rocks-and-caves>
– LucasRE2018, WhatWastheIndustrialRevolution?,ournal of Human Capital,Summer 2018, v. 12, iss. 2, pp. 182-203
– De RuyterA, BrownM& BurgessJ2018, Journal of International Affairs. Fall/Winter2018, Vol. 72 Issue 1, p37-50. 14p
-Malka S, n.d, Le Corbusier, Villa Savoy, viewed 19th of October 2019
-Massimo Vingnelli, Design is History, viewed 19th of October 2019, < http://www.designishistory.com/1960/massimo-vignelli/>
-Lewis Hine, International photography hall of fame and museum, viewed 19th of October 2019, < http://iphf.org/inductees/lewis-hine/>
-Pahwa A, August 19th 2019, Coca-Cola Marketing Case Study, viewed 19th of October 2019, < https://www.feedough.com/coca-cola-marketing-study/>
– How was graphic design done before computers, October 17 2018, viewed 19th of October 2019, <https://www.designyup.com/how-was-graphic-design-done-before-computers/>
My Pecha Kucha
My presentation covered the historical shift of the production of clothes from the home to the factory caused by the industrial revolution. I covered the preindustrial revolution way of making clothes and the changes caused to this method because of the introduction of the mechanised industry. I also covered the effect cause by the industrialisation and the effects we can still see in our clothing production today.
Based on the feedback received in class I could have reduced the content in my presentation so that I could slow down and say my content with more purpose and control.
I believe my argument was clear and structure and I took my audience though history explained the cause and effect of each stage, my visual presentation was clear and engaging, I choose not to include words to ensure my audience’s attention was on what I was saying. From feedback I could have included a diagram or a more simplistic slide the breakup the visual content.
Pecha Kucha Review 2
Caitlin
Topic: Sustainable Fashion
Caitlin’s visual presentation was excellent she had clear non-cluttered slides that were cohesive through a colour pallet. Her images were relevant, engaging and clear, I especially like the one with the transparent book which was symbolic to what she was saying about brands being transparent about their clothing production and sweat shops. She also use nice diagrams which added a nice break from imagery.
Her verbal presentation was confident and well spoken, at times she was rushing to keep up with her slides, causing her to stumble on her words. Overall, she could have improved her verbal presentation by rehearsing and taking out some content so she didn’t have to speak as quick but I could understand her content and she kept me engaged.
Her argument was well structured and took us on a logical explanation of her topic, her presentation had a clear topic and was well conveyed.
She had a good range of research and information, she probably could have shown more of the history and where these practices came from. It could have also been beneficial to show some more relevant example of Instagram models to engage her audience.
Pecha Kucha Review 1
Briannah
Topic: Camp
Briannah’s visual presentation was engaging and visually appealing, she used bright colours and relevant imagery to support her material. Although the visual treatment she had on the words made them a bit hard to read in contrast to the black background. Her images could have been bigger and had more of a presence on the slide and therefore she could have used less wording, so the audience wasn’t distracted from what she was saying. Over all the visuals were relevant and complimentary to what she was saying.
Her verbal personation of her material was professional and passionate. She was clear and coherent although she stumbled on a few sentences which cause some disconnect between her slides and disturbed some transitions between subjects she recovered.
Her material was logically thought out and lead us though a logical timeline of the history of ‘Camp’ beginning with its origins all the way though to its current place in society. Her wide and confident range of knowledge showed that she had a wide depth of research. There could have been more relevant example from today, other than the met gala.
Week 8 Lecture
Early Digital media, or ‘new media’, which is now an outdated term, as many people don’t consider it ‘new’ anymore. Many of the advancements of new media practitioners made contributions that continue to impact art & design today. The term ‘post-digital’ refers to the era after new media, it focus on the way humanity used digital media rather than the technology its self. The term ‘post-human’ refers to pushing the bounds of what is human, it thought to be the meeting point of bioscience and medical technology. We are currently in the ‘post digital’ currently there is a mix of technology and focus. In today’s design world ‘new media’, post-digital’ and ‘post human’ are continues influences on hour work as emerging designers. We are constantly using digital platforms to make and influence our work. During our studies we are continuously study new innovations, most which include a technological advancement.
Week 8 Reading
The reading begins with the introduction of people retreating back before the ‘new media’ era as people go ‘retro’ and use devices which are now considered obsolete due to newly introduced technology. To me this demonstrates that the author believes that we have become to reliant on modern technology that some people are trying to remove the presence of digital media in their lives. We can see this in our lives when people attempt ‘digital detoxes’, they choose to use physical diaries. The author also explores the current ‘trend’ of people rejecting modern advancements including digital song playlists, digital photos albums and replacing them with vinyl record collections and physical printed photos.
Week 7 Lecture
Prior to the introduction of computers everything was done by hand, layouts were created by cutting and gluing and were then mass-reproduced by litho printing. Early web design, intense and accurate coding was required to design a web page, this is still a similar process as current designers have to do now but now there are set codes that can be used to bypass manually coding everything. Prior to digital intervention most stories were told in a linear format, content was consumed from start to end. The process of interactive story telling was the precursor to games, flowcharts were used to map out non-linear stories and provide options to choose and show the different paths. Another style of interactive story telling is adventure stores which take a level-based approach to the story. As they story progresses though the levels the complexity become higher. The concept of storytelling and adventure stories and non-linear stories are the basis of game design are are still highly essential for the development of level-based games. The ‘old’ way of designing is still highly relevant to design today, often being used for the start of the design process, starting as sketches and mock ups rather than immediately designing on a digital format.
Week 7 Reading
In this reading Manovich reveals how cultural databases become ‘interfaced’ which helps us to interact globally with information and statistics. He explores how text, cinema and the ‘human-computer interface’ has shaped our access to cultural data bases and has allowed us to have access to have a better understanding of the world we can’t see. He explores how the design of the first webpages mimicked the spread of a magazine. Manovich also traces the history of the screen from Renaissance painting to the modern computer screen. He presents that not much has changed over this time period in regard to the size, position, and viewing of the screen. This reading is relevant to our work as designers as we continuously refer to these data bases for information about all aspects of design whether this is our audience, styles or history. We also have to consider the interfaces we are designing for, there for the interfaces we must be familiar with.
Week 7 Extra Research
Graphic design tools before computers
-X-acto Knives: Nowdays we used the cut and paste function on a computer, but back in the day designers had to physically cut and paste elements they wanted to move around or them remove from their designs. Instead of clicking on an image and sliding it over with a mouse, they had to cut them manually down to the millimetre and move them by hand.
-Drawing Tables: A drawing table still comes in handy today for creating quick ideas by hand, but before computers, this is where designers spent the bulk of their time. Higher-end versions had swivelling T-squares that made drawing straight and parallel lines more efficient.
-Tweezers: Sometimes cutting and pasting involved very small elements, and in those cases tweezers were used to manipulate small pieces.
-Rubber Cement and Solvent: Rubber cement was typically the adhesive used, and solvent helped thin it out to make applications smooth and flat
-Pens and Pencils: Most designers had a set of radiographic pens to create their deigns. Pencils were also widely used, regular ones for tracing and light blue pencils to draw images or notes that wouldn’t show up on preprint film.
Week 6 Lecture
The earliest visual identity is cylinder seals in Mesopotania in 3000BC, this shows that it is engrained in human nature to use visual elements to ‘claim’ or ‘label’ something. In 2500BC people in change and Greece. Branding was also used to claim ownership, in the 1500’s simple and unique logos were used to ‘brand’ cows. The simple and quickly identifiable logos are heavily prevalent in logo and branding design today. The start of mass production lead to company logos being a symbol of quality rather than ownership. In modern design the style of a logo and the prestige of a company’s reputation reveals quality not the presence of a logo. Trademarks were developed in 1870 so that a competing company couldn’t create a product that could be confused for it. Trademarks are still used to this day to protect a brands identity.
Week 6 Reading
This week’s reading focuses on the premises that the way we see things has been skewed by our knowledge and beliefs. The author states that an image is simply a sight which has been re-created or reproduced in a different setting, Berger explains that regardless if the creator of image intended it, photos come ingrained with an ideology, revealing that photos have a deeper meaning to them beyond the surface. This reading can be incorporated into my own design work by further considering the way I can skew the subject of as photos to further examine the subject.
Week 6 Extra Research
Coca-Cola Branding Case Study
Coca-Cola started in 1886 and in Atlanta, Georgia. It was created and founded by Dr. John Stith Pemberton who was a pharmacist and a chemist. The logo was designed by Frank M. Robinson. He was a partner and a bookkeeper of Dr. Pemberton. Robinson chose to use Spencerian Script for Coca-Cola’s font. The reason for his decision isn’t exactly known. However, it is safe to assume that Robinson simply followed the trends. The script was considered a standard writing style for business correspondence in America before the introduction of typewriters. As for the colour, the red colour was there since the beginning. It is meant to represent energy, excitement, power and passion. Moreover, the red colour is associated with increased heart rate and appetite. The logo design kept being a little twisted throughout the years. However, it has never significantly changed. The use of the script and the colours remained constant throughout the decades.
Week 5 Lecture
The introduction of photography threatened the livelihoods of painter as photos could replace their work but quicker, cheaper and faster. The introduction of photography triggered the rise of modern art as it forced painters to move away from realistic representations as this was now replaced with photos. The capturing of movement, surrealism and geometric forms & cubism were results of the introduction of photography. Painting shifted from capturing realistic moments to abstraction. Pictorialism was the first instance of photographers experimenting with cameras focusing more on the overall artistic quality rather than the look of the depicted on the subject. The shift from painters capturing realistic moments to the abstract and surrealism world acts as an inspiration for painters and photographers in todays society. The techniques discussed in this lecture are still seen in modern photography and design.
Week 5 Reading
Week 5 Reading 1
This week’s reading tries to uncover the fundamentals of photography and he questions the subject of photography and critically considers a subject. This week’s reading also covers the differentiation between a regular photo, the one which most of us take on our phones, and a photo which has been pianistically captured. I can apply this to my design, though the careful consideration of the photography I choose t include in my future designs. Hen either taking or choosing photography, I can critically consider how the subject informs the viewer and how that further influences my work.
Week 5 Reading 2
This reading takes a contrasting approach to photography compared to this week other reading. The author explains that photography is animated and is surreal, arguing that photography tries to capture the reality of an object. She states that photography bridges the gap between the surrealness of a subject within a photo and the reality of its existence.
“Photography has become the quintessential art of the affluent, wasteful, restless societies,”
I can relate this to my work as photography can act as a way to bridge the gap between your audience to the subject of the photo. This connection can further the relationship between the subject of my designs by ensuring I consider the subject when talking or choosing photography.
Week 5 Extra Research
Lewis Hine
Hine was trained as a sociologist. He began to portray the immigrants who crowded onto New York’s Ellis Island in 1905, and he also photographed the tenements and sweatshops where the immigrants were forced to live and work. His photo stories documenting child labour. These photo stories included such pictures as Breaker Boys Inside the Coal Breaker and Little Spinner in Carolina Cotton Mill, which showed children as young as eight years old working long hours in dangerous conditions. Lewis Hine’s work was the beginning of the long history of documentary photography. His style is still widely seen in the photography of today, we see as people capture people in all walks of life in order to create empathy. This can be seen in war photography, photos of people living in poverty and working in sweatshops.
Week 4 Lecture
The use of simple pictograms representing statistics became popular after the war. The simplicity in the design that Gerd Arntz brought paved way for simple user friendly and easy to understand design. The Swiss and international style because the standard and was reproduced by artist all over the globe, it focused on simplicity and ease of communication. Form follows function combines modernist elements with function, emphasising rational planning turning away from individual expression. The visual characteristics of this style include asymmetric layouts, the overall visual characteristics are simple and rational. The imagery was uniform and black and white.
Thoughts/Reflection
The developments of Gerd Arntz with simplistic design is still seen and used today to easily convey information to the public. We see this style of design on warning labels and emergency sings. In the digital age the rise of infographic information is also a reflection of the simplistic style of Arntz. The swiss & international style is still prevalent as designers today are constantly designing with the ease of communication in mind. The form follows function movement which followed WW1 and the style it brought is a strong influence on design today as designers we are constantly design with form in mind first rather than the look of the design. The swiss style typography is still heavy used in design today. This lecture reveals the swiss style and shows how we still see and use its influence today.
Week 4 Reading
The reading ‘Isotype Representing Social Facts Pictorially. In: Data Designed for Decisions. Focues on the development and history of Isotype design and its influence from historical events. Isotype design was a method for assembling, configuring and disseminating information and statistics through pictorial means. The isotype method is an alternative to verbal language making it a universal way of communicating. The isotype method is the principal of showing larger quantities not by enlarging the same picture or symbol but by repeating the same-sized symbol. This allows for a more accurate depiction of numerical values. The isotype method is still heavily used in today’s design for representing numerical values, the simplistic nature of the imagery allowing for data to be universally communicated to the public. The simple style of the imagery is now most commonly used for emergency design and signs as it allows for universal communication without the need for words. The isotype style still has a heavy presence in today’s design scene, I can take inspiration from this style and incorporate the no verbal way of communicating in my future work.
Week 4 Extra Research
Massiomo Vingelli
An Italian, Massimo was born in Milan in 1931. His work covers nearly every field of design including advertising, identity, packaging, product, industrial, interior and architectural design. An avid fan of modernism, his work is always very clear and concise with no clutter or unnecessary material. In his careers he designed identities for many notable companies including American airlines, Bloomindale and Knoll. One of the characteristics of his designs including the heavy use of Helvetica. One of his most notable works isn the New York Subway map which he designed to be informative and easy to understand rather than accurate. Vingelli stated that “There is no reason why this geography has to be literal, It could be completely abstract.”. He interpreted the routes to basic dots and colour-coded line and angles. City residents disliked the artistic misrepresentations of their city. Tourists found it difficult to match their destinations with the representations on the map. His style was heavily influenced by his training as an architect and influences of isotype and swiss simplicity can be seen.
Week 3 Lecture
WW1 & Graphic Design
Prior to WW1 graphic design hadn’t been used for social influence the emergence of propaganda posters established the importance of graphic design. During WW1 Information design was also introduced, in order to inform the public of potential warfare on enemy warships and places, information posters were used to inform the public of what to do if they encounter enemy aircrafts. The Bauhaus, one of the most influential constructivist designers, El Lissitzky, trained at the Bauhaus design school she employed geometry and function in her book designs. The typography during this period was the most notable contribution to typography and what greatly different to traditional German text. Modern Art and the avant-garde had a great impact on graphic design. The concept of using text an image rather than a word. Moderne incorporated geometrical straight lines and circles. Art Deco is a product of the post war era and was derived from French Cubist painting.
WW2 & Graphic Design
It was used to reveal the ‘sins’ of the enemy. Ideologies of Germany and Russia where reflected in the graphics of posters. During WW2 photography became prevalent in objectively recording the truth of war. WW2. Changed the employment of designers and design became more methodical and was a method of solving problems
Reflection
This lecture reveals how graphic design was used in history, for example the information posters are still seen and are infact more prevalent in today’s society waring and emergency signs, product warnings and public notice posters. The typography developed during the Bauhaus period is heavily reflected in the typography we see and use today. The concept of viewing letters and images, a concept widely seen in design today came from the avant-garge and is something I have and will in the future use in my own work. The geometric elements of the modern style are still used as inspiration in design today and is heavily seen throughout todays world.
Week 3 Reading
The reading ‘Design and Modernism’ covers the modernist period and the historical effects on the design world. I covers the implications of the war, the Bauhaus movement, case studies of designers which where relevant in the period. This reading also explores the impacts that modernism had in different areas.
Week 3 Extra Research
Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye is located just outside Paris in Poissy, was designed as a functional building developed with his self-made 5 points of architecture. These rules were revolutionary for the time period and therefore didn’t correlate with the ways of building at the time. While this building was visually. Functionally the house failed, it leaked in multiple places, in June 1930, Madame Savoye wrote a letter to Le Corbusier, saying “It is still raining on our garage”. The air also entered though the skylight, which created a very noisy environment for the residents. After a couple of years the residence decided that the house was inhabitable. According to Madame Savoye “It is raining in the hall, it’s raining on the ramp and the wall of the garage is absolutely soaked, it’s still raining in my bathroom, which floods in bad weather, as the water comes in through the skylight. The gardener’s walls are also wet through”. Although the building was designed to be functional it ultimately failed at doing what it was design to do. The whole house was designed as a showcase all the exaggerated and dramatic elements of the house and surrounding the house draw attention.to the house. Le Corbusier, in the context of the industrial revolution which had been altering the world since the beginning of the 20th Century, wished to transform homes, seeing them as machines which had to fulfil their objective: in this case, being lived in. The other machines which also began to emerge around this time, planes and vehicles, fascinated the architect to the point that he even included the use of the car within his concept of the house. The way in which the car enters the garage from the path is almost a performance in itself.
Week 2 Lecture
The Guttenberg Press was a revolutionary advance in print production allowing books like the bible to be quickly produced, bringing literature to the average person. Prior to the Guttenberg press the Chinese had been printing using woodblock printing for 600 years, but the Guttenberg press was made of metal, so It didn’t wear out like the traditional method. It changed the way people treated book and though about layout.
Johannes Gutenberg said “It is a press, certainly, but a press from which shall flow in inexhaustible streams…Through it, God will spread His Word. A spring of truth shall flow from it: like a new star it shall scatter the darkness of ignorance, and cause a light heretofore unknown to shine amongst men”
Graphic Design in the Renaissance saw the transition from medieval to the modern world and lead to layout and typography being more closely considered. Lithography allowed for more detail and colour it uses limestone and oil/grease and allowed fire arts to be reproduced. The content in the week 2 lecture explored pre-digital methods of printing and design, this relate this to modern design as it revels the foundations of the processes we now know showing where they came from and how they were formed. The shift from ancient methods of reproduction revealed how humans have always looked for better and more efficient ways of doing things.
Week 2 Reading
This excerpt from ‘Graphic Design: A History’ explores design through changes in history and the relationship between world events. Ranging from an analysis of the impacts the industrial revolution had on design and the new technologies that emerged from the period. The reading also explored Photography during the 19th Century and its crucial contribution to the evolution of graphic design. Eskilson also discusses how the current political climate of Europe and impacted newspapers and the legal systems that repressed political opposition.
Reflection
This reading discuses the impact that the industrial revolution had on design. The industrial revolution is defined by the introduction of the steam engine, railroad, coal, iron and steel, the rise of inexpensive components assisted in the rise of mass-produced products. The changes in print were accelerated during the industrial revolution include moveable type allowed for liberalisation and allowed for mass literacy and communication. This can be applied to my design learning as the this in the future the this I design have been impacted by this moment in history and the changes that occurred during this period are still prevalent today.
Week 2 Extra Research
The industrial revolution and Clothing Production (Petcha Kutcha Idea)
Prior to the industrial revolution, the process of making clothes and textiles was vastly different. Clothing and textiles were made by people, mostly woman, with specialised skills, on a small scale. They were involved in the whole process from spinning the fibres to weaving the fabrics, constructing the clothes and selling them at markets. It was an extremely slow process and required many hours of human labour. Due to the time-consuming nature of this process, local merchants couldn’t keep up with the demand for cheap clothing. The steam engine, which was invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen and further developed in 1767 by James Watt, was applied to the exiting machines used in textiles production and launched the start of the industrial revolution. While the industrial revolution brought a lot of good things with it also came the negatives. For the people who worked in the factories they had to endure extremely long work days some up to also long as 14- 26 hour day up to 6 times a week, earning less than 10 cents and hour. The factory’s were dark and often covered smoke. The only light in the factories was though the windows, many children actually developed physical deformities. The Industrial Revolution changed the way that Fashion was though about and purchased. People no longer brought it for necessity but rather for style, introducing the idea of fashion to the middle class, this was a big shift in comparison to before the mechanisation of the industry where people crafted their own clothing and each piece was a unique composition of scrap materials and reused fabrics. People began to purchase clothing for different events and occasions.
Week 1 Extra Research
Visual Communication in Prehistoric Times
Cave Paintings
Visual Communication is theorised to have originated as early the prehistoric period, here visual communication was the primary method of communication due to their under developed verbal skills. The oldest recorded form of visual communication is believed to date back to the Upper Palaeolithic Age. The oldest known paintings are thoses in the Chauvet Cave in France, dated arund 30,000 BCE. Often these paitings deptict large nimals human hands and abstract patterns, while drawings of humans can hardly be found and are usually schematic rather then natural. While these paintings my appear to be forms of artwork they were used as a form of communication for information. This information may be included the creation of the first calendar, indication the tine of year or season. Other theories for their use may have been created buy a Sharman who realised on spirits to guide the illustrations.
Petroglyphs
Another form of visual communication prior to the ability of speak is a petroglyph which are images etched in stone. Archaeologists have hypothesised that they appeared around the last 19th Century, also known as the stone age. Petroglyphs are either pictographs or ideographs. It can be determined that early men utilised the materials in the surroundings to make illustrations like cave paintings. The ideographs reveal that man learned to communicate visually in more creative ways rather than relying purply on images. In these images it is clear to see that there is shift towards the simplification and stylization in the way the illustrations were made. The images became increasingly abbreviated and depicted in fewer lines, They evolved to the point of almost resembling letters.
Geoglyphs
A geoglyphs are a large image s on the ground typically made from materials found in the landscape such as stones, wood from trees, stone, gravel and soil. They are created by a systematic arrangement of materials on the ground or the removal of rocks and earth, creating a negative impression, revealing the message. One of the most well-known geoglyphs is Nazca Lines in Peru. Marree Man located in Australia.
APAIGE Design 